On equivalent resistance of electrical circuits

Equivalent Electrical Circuits of Thermoelectric Generators under Different Operating Conditions

Energy harvesting has become a promising and alternative solution to conventional energy generation patterns to overcome the problem of supplying autonomous electrical systems. More particularly, thermal energy harvesting technologies have drawn a major interest in both research and industry. Thermoelectric Generators (TEGs) can be used in two different operating conditions, under constant temp...

Equivalent Electrical Circuit Representations of AC Quantized Hall Resistance Standards

University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742-4111 We use equivalent electrical circuits to analyze the effects of large parasitic impedances existing in all sample probes on four-terminal-pair measurements of the ac quantized Hall resistance RH. The circuit components include the externally measurable parasitic capacitances, inductances, lead resistances, and leakage resistances of ac quantiz...

Current Conveyor Equivalent Circuits

An equivalence between a class of (current conveyor) CC II+ and CC IIcircuits is established. CC IIequivalent circuit uses one extra element. However, under certain condition, the extra element can be eliminated. As an illustration of the application of this equivalence, minimal first and second order all-pass filters are derived. In certain cases, it is possible to compensate the effect of the...

Comparison of Electrical Equivalent Circuits of Human Tooth used for Measuring the Root Canal Length

An accurate determination of the root canal length, which is the most critical procedure in the endodontic treatment of a tooth, is commonly performed nowadays by electronic apex locators which are based on electrical impedance measurements. In this paper tooth impedances were measured in vitro on extracted tooth in alginate material using HP 4284A LCR meter and a specially designed stalk with ...

The Patch-clamp Technique Explained and Exercised with the Use of Simple Electrical Equivalent Circuits.*